In which of the following situations does a company receive additional capital when its shares are sold?

When a company engages in a seasoned offering, it issues additional shares to the public after its initial public offering (IPO). In this scenario, the company directly benefits from the capital raised through the sale of these new shares. The proceeds from the seasoned offering go directly to the company, increasing its equity and providing it with additional funds for various purposes, such as expansion, debt reduction, or other corporate activities.

In contrast, during an IPO, the initial shares sold do provide capital to the company, but this is not the situation being described in the question since it specifically asks about subsequent sales beyond the IPO. When shares are sold in the secondary market, the transactions occur between investors, and the company does not receive any capital from these trades as the funds are exchanged directly between buyers and sellers without involving the company's treasury. Similarly, shares sold to a brokerage firm do not lead to additional capital for the company, as these interactions typically concern trading and not capital raising.